Activity levels of female triatoma infestans change. Biological control of the chagas disease vector triatoma. Control of the chagas disease vector, triatoma infestans, relies on the application of pyrethroid insecticides, especially deltamethrin. Pdf triatoma infestans in greater buenos aires, argentina.
Trypanosoma cruzi surface mucins are involved in the. An updated insight into the sialotranscriptome of triatoma. Triatoma infestans live in the forests of the cochabamba region of bolivia. Welcome to cdc stacks reinfestation sources for chagas. We performed laboratory studies to determine whether a t. In this study, we performed a transcriptome analysis of the nymph integument in order to identify which genes are expressed and their putative role. Adw doesnt cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Periurban trypanosoma cruziinfected triatoma infestans.
The genetic structure in populations of the chagas disease vector triatoma infestans was examined. In arequipa, peru, vectorborne transmission of chagas disease by triatoma infestans has become an urban problem. Other two common species, triatoma brasiliensis and panstrongilus megistus are less important in disease transmission. The importance of population genetics in chagas disease epidemiology and control.
The principal vector of trypanosoma cruzi is triatoma infestans. Reduviidae in southern area of gran chaco in argentina. Domestic animal hosts strongly influence humanfeeding. Media in category triatoma infestansthe following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total.
In total, 172 male and 149 female right wings collected at 16 georeferenced sites with at least 10 individuals of the same sex. Triatoma infestans an overview sciencedirect topics. Microsatellite analysis of genetic structure in natural. The remaining 3% of chagas disease are caused by t. First report of widespread wild populations of triatoma. Human sleeping quarters domiciles and chicken coops are key source habitats of triatoma infestansthe principal vector of the infection that causes chagas diseasein rural communities in northern argentina. As in all hematophagous arthropods, its saliva contains a complex cocktail that assists blood feeding by preventing platelet aggregation and blood clotting and promoting vasodilation. Dorn, in american trypanosomiasis chagas disease second edition, 2017. Infestation of rural houses by triatoma infestans hemiptera. Triatoma infestans argentine, bolivia, brazil, chile, paraguay, south peru, uruguay most important vector domestic, and silvatic in bolivia triatoma infestans melanosoma argentine fertile with t. We conducted an entomologic survey in a periurban community of arequipa to identify risk factors for triatomine infestation and determinants of vector population densities. We investigated four hypotheses regarding factors that affect bloodfeeding rates, proportion of humanfed bugs human blood index, and daily humanfeeding rates of triatoma infestans, the main vector of chagas disease. This page was last edited on 8 december 2014, at 10. May biological control of the chagas disease vector triatoma infestans with the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana combined with an aggregation cue.
Triatoma specimens used to reconstruct the phylogeny, including collection location, sample identification, and genbank accession numbers. Gas chromatography analyses of host odour extracts coupled to electrophysiological recordings from basiconic sensillum receptors indicate that nonanal is a constituent of sheep wool and chicken feather odour that stimulates one of. Comparisons of the levels of genetic variability in populations of this species from areas with different periods since last insecticide treatment and from areas that never received treatment were also carried out. The area where triatoma infestans was the most important vector of trypanosoma cruzi in the southern cone of south america was reduced by well over 90%, and rhodnius prolixus has been eliminated from central america, among other successful results. Triatoma infestans, commonly called winchuka vinchuca in argentina, bolivia and chile, barbeiro in brazil, chipo in venezuela and also known as kissing bug or barber bug in english, is a bloodsucking bug like virtually all the members of its subfamily triatominae and the most important vector of trypanosoma cruzi which can lead to chagas disease. The chagas disease vector triatoma infestans klug 1834 was historically considered an e clusively doclusively domestic insect, but it has now been reported in sylvan environments noireau et al. Wild populations of triatoma infestans, the main vector of chagas disease in the southern cone countries, may be involved in reinfestation of human dwellings, limiting the success of vectorcontrol campaigns in bolivia. The members of triatoma like all members of triatominae are bloodsucking insects that can transmit serious diseases, such as chagas disease. Chagas disease is widespread in chile, distributed in rural and periurban areas in the 7 most northern regions of the country. The animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Reinfestation sources for chagas disease vector, triatoma.
Author summary chagas disease, caused by the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi, is a lifelong and debilitating neglected illness of major significance to latin america public health, for which no vaccine or adequate drugs are yet available. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Microgeographic spatial structuring of triatoma infestans hemiptera. A vector species in central america, triatoma dimidiata, also hides in cracks in. Reduviidae populations using wing geometric morphometry in the argentine chaco m. America, triatoma sanguisuga is not the major invertebrate vector of trypanosoma cruzi. Here we investigated the links among individual bug bloodmeal contents bmc, mg, female fecundity, body length l, mm, host blood sources and habitats. A total of 329 triatoma infestans were captured, 293 on 4 terraces of sevenfloortowers and 36 inside the winery, associated with the greater number of pigeons which nest in those places. Launched in 1991, the southern cone initiative was the first multicountry control program designed to eliminate domestic populations of triatoma infestans, arguably the main vector of chagas disease worldwide at the. Silveira, in american trypanosomiasis chagas disease second edition, 2017. Summary triatoma infestans is the main vector of chagas disease and target of control programmes in the southern cone countries. Due to the persistence of vector populations and their movement between habitats, dispersive behavior studies are important.
Realtime pcr in faecal samples of triatoma infestans. Pdf the role of the antennae in triatoma infestans. Peridomestic structures are considered the main sites where triatoma infestans hemiptera. Pdf triatoma infestans chooses to feed upon immune prey. Linking to a nonfederal website does not constitute an endorsement by cdc or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Of 374 households surveyed, triatomines were collected from 194 52%, and trypanosoma cruzicarrying.
Triatoma infestans, which is the most important vector species in south america, often hides in roofs of wood and soil fig. The aggregation behaviour elicited from conspecific nymphs and adults by its feces is well known 1,2. Cayma, mariano melgar, and paucarpata are urban districts in downtown arequipa. Although superposition eyes would be the most efficient design for a. The major target of vector control programs are wellestablished domestic populations, although peridomestic and sylvatic habitats may also harbor populations of significant size. Secondary kill effect of deltamethrin on triatoma infestans. Triatoma infestans, the main domestic vector of chagas disease in latin america, can disperse actively by flying or walking and passively through accidental carriage on humans and their belongings 1,2. This latter triatomines are primarily sylvatic and spread chagas among the wild animals it preys on. Field, laboratory and mathematical modeling assessment lucas forlani 0 1 nicolas pedrini 0 1 juan r. Microgeographic spatial structuring of triatoma infestans. The advances in the control of autochthonous triatomine species contrast with the still ongoing. We found that a triatomine that walks on a deltamethrin.
Triatoma sanguisuga leconte, the eastern bloodsucking conenose, with a dime shown for scale. Triatoma infestans is the main vector of chagas disease in south america. Body size and hosts of triatoma infestans populations. Triatominae vectors of chagas disease triatoma genus. In 1975 the endemic area comprised 3,600,000 km 2 or 36% of the total extension of the country and the most extensive endemic area on the.
Triatoma infestans, a nocturnal haematophagous bug of the family reduviidae, possesses apposition compound eyes with open rhabdoms, in which a ring of six rhabdomeres from retinula cells 16 r16 surrounds a central pair of rhabdomeres from retinula cells 7 and 8 r78. The interruption of the domestic cycle of transmission of t. Sylvatic foci of the chagas disease vector triatoma. Triatoma infestans is the species most responsible for chagas disease in bolivia, and accounts for 97% of the cases. The haematophagous bug triatoma infestans klug is the major vector of chagas disease in south america.
In this scenario, identification of novel drug targets andor strategies aimed at controlling parasite transmission are urgently needed. Active dispersal of this vector is the principal cause of recolonization of human dwellings previously treated with insecticides. Reduviidae remain and disperse, representing the first risk factor for intradomestic invasion, even after vector control activities. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the cdc website the centers for disease control and prevention cdc cannot attest to the accuracy of a nonfederal website.
Active dispersal by wild triatoma infestans in the. Research article body size and hosts of triatoma infestans populations affect the size of bloodmeal contents and female fecundity in rural northwestern argentina ricardo e. Based mostly on the residual application of pyrethroid insecticides, an ongoing regional t. The bloodsucking insect triatoma infestans hemiptera, reduviidae is the most widespread and relevant vector of the disease in the southern region of south america. Reduviidae is one of the major vectors of chagas disease in south america. This adaptation and epidemiological significance as the most important vector of human chagas disease justified targeting t.
Triatoma platensis, known from paraguay, uruguay and argentina, is a species almost exclusively present in nests of furnariidae and psittacidae birds, butmay. Triatoma infestans is the main vector of chagas disease in the southern cone countries. Reduviidae currently recognized, triatoma infestans klug expresses the extreme of an evolutionary trend toward domesticity 1,2. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Their saliva may also trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, up to and including severe anaphylactic shock.
Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. We investigated the occurrence of spatial structuring in triatoma infestans klug hemiptera. Amplification and melting curves of real time pcr qpcr of faecal samples fs of triatoma infestans fed by xenodiagnosis xd on patients with chronic chagas disease, using human blood dna negative for t. Peridomestic resting places some of the triatomine bug species. Knowledge of the distribution of these populations remains incomplete. Reduviidae is the main vector of trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of chagas disease, in south america. Triatoma is a genus of assassin bug in the subfamily triatominae kissing bugs. Key source habitats and potential dispersal of triatoma. Sylvatic triatoma infestans reduviidae, triatominae in. Reduviidae populations 12 yr after the last communitywide insecticide spraying campaign in rural pampa del indio, in the gran chaco of northeastern argentina. Sample collection triatoma infestans were collected between 2004 and 2009 from seven districts in the arequipa region fig. Eastern bloodsucking conenose, triatoma sanguisuga.
The host species composition in a household and their relative availability affect the hostfeeding choices of bloodsucking insects and parasite transmission risks. There the kissing bug of concern is triatoma infestans, known as vinchuca or simply the bloodsucking conenose. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. The basis of this odourmediated anemotaxis is detection of chemostimuli via olfactory receptors on the antennae.